Glossary of Philosophical Terms

A comprehensive collection of philosophical concepts, terms, and ideas

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Knowledge derived from or justified by experience and empirical observation.

Epistemology John Locke, David Hume

Knowledge that is independent of experience, known through reason alone.

Epistemology Immanuel Kant

The conflict between human desire for meaning and the universe's apparent meaninglessness.

Existentialism Albert Camus

A deep anxiety or dread arising from awareness of freedom, mortality, and the groundlessness of existence.

Existentialism Søren Kierkegaard, Martin Heidegger

A state of puzzlement or impasse in philosophical inquiry, often the result of Socratic questioning.

Ancient Philosophy Socrates, Plato

A state of serene calmness and freedom from anxiety, the goal of Epicurean and Skeptic philosophy.

Ancient Philosophy Epicurus, Pyrrho

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