Philosophers

Explore the greatest thinkers in the history of philosophy

Ancient

Ancient Greek & Roman thinkers

Aristotle

384 BC — 322 BC

Golden Mean Four Causes Eudaimonia

Epicurus

341 BC — 270 BC

Ataraxia Pleasure as Absence of Pain Atomism

Marcus Aurelius

121 AD — 180 AD

Stoic Self-Discipline Impermanence Duty

Plato

428 BC — 348 BC

Theory of Forms Allegory of the Cave Philosopher King

Seneca

4 BC — 65 AD

Practical Stoicism Shortness of Life Amor Fati

Socrates

470 BC — 399 BC

Socratic Method Know Thyself Examined Life

Medieval

Medieval philosophers

Augustine of Hippo

354 — 430

Original Sin Free Will and Grace City of God

Thomas Aquinas

1225 — 1274

Five Ways Natural Law Faith and Reason

Early Modern

17th-18th century rationalists & empiricists

Baruch Spinoza

1632 — 1677

Pantheism Substance Monism Conatus

Immanuel Kant

1724 — 1804

Categorical Imperative Transcendental Idealism Synthetic A Priori

René Descartes

1596 — 1650

Cogito Ergo Sum Cartesian Doubt Mind-Body Dualism

Modern

19th century thinkers

Arthur Schopenhauer

1788 — 1860

Will to Live Pessimism Aesthetic Contemplation

Friedrich Nietzsche

1844 — 1900

Will to Power Übermensch Eternal Recurrence

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

1770 — 1831

Dialectics Absolute Spirit Master-Slave Dialectic

Søren Kierkegaard

1813 — 1855

Leap of Faith Anxiety Three Stages of Existence

Contemporary

20th-21st century philosophers

Albert Camus

1913 — 1960

Absurdism Revolt Solidarity

Hannah Arendt

1906 — 1975

Banality of Evil Vita Activa Natality

Jean-Paul Sartre

1905 — 1980

Existence Precedes Essence Radical Freedom Bad Faith

Ludwig Wittgenstein

1889 — 1951

Language Games Family Resemblance Private Language Argument

Martin Heidegger

1889 — 1976

Dasein Being-in-the-World Authenticity

Michel Foucault

1926 — 1984

Power/Knowledge Biopower Discourse

Simone de Beauvoir

1908 — 1986

Social Construction of Gender The Other Situated Freedom

Eastern

Eastern philosophical traditions

Confucius

551 BC — 479 BC

Ren (Benevolence) Li (Ritual) Junzi (Noble Person)

Lao Tzu

6th century BC — Unknown

Tao (The Way) Wu Wei (Non-Action) Simplicity
M. M. - Coffee Drinker & Storyteller

M. M.

Coffee Drinker & Storyteller

I live among shadows and broken certainties. I speak little, I think too much. Each text is a failed attempt to translate what I can't even fully feel.

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